Last year I wrote about the Armstrong purse, discovered by Neil Armstrong’s widow, Carol, in their home shortly after Neil’s death in 2012. That stowage bag of small (but historically significant) items from the first lunar landing was a reminder that the story of Apollo 11 continues to be told as new details emerge in unexpected places. Recently, we have again been reminded that a curator’s work is never done. During the course of a project to produce a detailed 3D model of the Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia, we were able to observe and record some hand-written notes and markings in areas of the spacecraft that have been hidden from view for more than 40 years. The notes, figures, and a calendar, presumably improvised during the mission, tell us something about what life was like on the way to the Moon and back. The notes can be compared with audio and recorded transcripts of communication between Columbia and Houston to suggest when and by whom they were written, providing new insights into of one of humankind’s greatest adventures. Over the past several months, the curatorial, collections, and conservation staffs at the National Air and Space Museum have been working diligently with the Smithsonian Digitization Program Office and their technical partner, Autodesk, to facilitate the capture of very high-resolution laser scanning data and photometry of the exterior and interior of the Command Module. The intention is to stitch together data from several different sources, using state-of-the-art software, to produce a stunningly detailed three-dimensional model. We hope to share the results of that work with the public in the future both online and in exhibitions. Before then, this is an initial report, based on preliminary images, on some of those unexpected “writings on the wall” that have we have seen for the first time. Explore the 3D model.
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Looking for Eagle
One important detail that has puzzled experts is how much work Michael Collins, orbiting the Moon alone in Columbia, put into locating the Lunar Module (LM) Eagle on the surface below with the Command Module’s telescope. Mike Collins used this map to mark, unsuccessfully it turned out, the Eagle’s location on the Moon. On the map, we can see the estimated LM locations given to him by Houston. These are indicated with combinations of lines, arrows, circles, and one ellipse. Now we have some new information. Just to the left of the navigation station, at which Michael Collins would have stood to access the Command Module’s sextant and telescope, is a relatively clear surface. The surface has several sets of numbers.
On this panel, numbers and other notations copied from mission control voice transmissions were recorded in pen or pencil, just to the left of where Command Module pilot, Michael Collins, would have stood using the spacecraft's sextant and telescope for navigation.
A careful review of the audio ground-to-space transcripts shows that all of the entries on the right side of the lower panel refer to various sets of coordinates sent from Houston, the very ones recorded by Collins on the map linked above. You can read a detailed discussion on what was previously known about this process by our friends at the Apollo Lunar Surface Journal, (Search the page for “LAM-2”to find a discussion and links to the transcripts of ground-to-space communications of attempts to help pinpoint the Eagle on the surface of the Moon). We are already working with the Journal to prepare a far more detailed account that will include what can be learned from these newly discovered entries.
A Place for Everything, and Everything in its Place
The work on the scanning project has also nicely supplemented another project. Over the past few months we have independently been working to construct an electronic database of all the items stowed on the spacecraft that took astronauts to the Moon. That laborious process of transcribing the printed “stowage” lists has recently been completed online by a team of dedicated volunteers. Once verified, that data will be made available to the public. The 3D scanning of Columbia complements the stowage lists transcription project nicely, as you will see.
Stowage maps found inside the Apollo 11 Command Module.
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Here is a map of stowage locations we were able to photograph last week. It is just below and to the right of the makeshift writing board described above. The diagram available to the Apollo 11 astronauts essentially mirrors that in the printed listing. At some point during the mission, however, the astronauts apparently improvised a bit on what should go where. Several of the lockers have handwritten labels along with their standard alpha numeric identifiers. Locker R5, for instance, was designated to store auxiliary equipment related to the spacecraft’s waste management system. But early on, it was selected as a repository for urine bags filled before or early in the flight, before the normal waste disposal system became available. The astronauts left a note to themselves on this and at least one other locker with the seeming purpose of reminding them that the new contents of the locker should probably remain undisturbed for the rest of the mission.
These notes illustrate improvisation during the mission and modification of pre-flight plans for what items were to be placed in each locker.
Counting the Days
Another newly-discovered bit of astro-graffiti provides some fascinating clues about how the astronauts responded to life inside Columbia. There is a small hand-drawn calendar, just below one of the lockers with the days of the mission crossed out one by one. July 24th, the day of the crew’s near-dawn splashdown into the Pacific, remains uncrossed. Exactly when this was drawn, by which astronaut, and the purposes it served are a matter of conjecture (and much discussion) since it was noted. So far we have uncovered little additional information. We do know that it remains virtually unchanged since the Command Module arrived at the Lunar Receiving Laboratory during the two week quarantine period enforced on the early Apollo Lunar missions. In the image below, taken in 1969, the calendar can be seen just behind technician John Hirasaki, who was quarantined with the Apollo 11 crew after splashdown.
This image was taken during the quarantine period and shows the condition of the cabin shortly after its arrival back in the country. Note the calendar visible just to the left of John Hirasaki, who was given the job of removing essential items.
Each day of the Apollo 11 mission is crossed out except for landing day. The calendar is covered with a plastic sheet held by tape. Museum curators are in the process of determining just when the calendar was drawn.
The Best Ship to Come Down the Line
We will continue to study the secrets Columbia holds, nearly 50 years after it completed its mission and for years to come. Columbia isn’t just a piece of machinery, it is a living artifact. As a curator, it is thrilling to know that we can still learn new things about one of the most iconic artifacts in the entire Smithsonian Collection. The inscription below is not among the newly-discovered writings, and has been known to historians for many years. It reads: Spacecraft 107, alias Apollo 11, alias ‘Columbia.’The Best Ship to Come Down the Line. God Bless Her.Michael Collins, CMP This is a sentiment we have all come to appreciate now more than ever.
Following splashdown, Michael Collins crawled back into the Command Module and wrote this short note on one of the equipment bay panels.
A psychic R&D operation claims the Apollo 16 crew discovered incontrovertible evidenced of aliens on the moon. (NASA)
A group of parapsychology sleuths accuse NASA of hiding evidence of aliens on the lunar surface -- wild tales that sound like an amalgamation of Hollywood sci-fi movies: 'Apollo 18,' 'Minority Report' and 'Alien.'
Transception Incorporated, self-described as an Austin, Tex., based psychic R&D operation, sent a letter to NASA Administrator Charles Bolden that nominates the Apollo 16 crew for the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.
But there are strings attached.
The medal is being recommended for astronauts John Young and Charles Duke allegedly coming upon an extraterrestrial 'shipwreck' on the surface of the moon during their third lunar surface excursion on April 23, 1972. A prerequisite for the award is that the crew is 'released from secrecy' about what they really saw on the moon.
A variety of 'shipwreck elements' -- described as 'structures, people/aliens, biological technology, and their plight' -- were reportedly seen through a psychic technique called remote viewing by six experts at Transception.
The 'wreckage' suspiciously looks a lot like just a big boulder, dubbed 'house rock.' And, you'd expect to find big boulders on the edge of an impact crater.
Simply look at the high resolution images from the public-accessible Apollo archives. A photo mosaic of the alleged spaceship (shown below) is either a boulder or a fossilized alien vehicle.
The alleged crash site, as seen in the Lunar Orbiter photo, is pretty bland-looking for a purported disaster location. It's like looking for a capsized cruise liner and just seeing a shoal of rocks.
If you listen to the audio transmission, the astronauts should get an Academy Award for acting instead -- if the conspiracy theorists are right. The crew never says 'holy cow! look at that spaceship!' Instead, they say, 'look at the size of that rock!'
Besides the Apollo photos, you can easily go online and peruse LRO image of the Apollo 16 landing site and go looking for the alleged spaceship on the rim of North Ray Crater.
But wait! As is typical of any pseudoscience, when reality doesn't fit the far-out claims, true believers turn to paranoid allegations of government cover-ups, monolithic global conspiracies and media censorship.
Supporters of the crashed spaceship tale say that NASA simply deleted the evidence from the Apollo 16 photos (and they would probably say the same for the LRO data). Because the Apollo images are recorded on photographic emulsion, not digital data, manipulating them would be no small trick.
Photo trickery allegations are a convenient back door for conspiracy buffs that is big enough to sail the Titanic through.
What is Remote Viewing?
The group says that a psychic technique called remote viewing allows people to take an armchair visit to other planets. The mind-travelers draw images of alien-looking things that are supposedly transmitted from a definitely out-of-body experience (potentially) millions of miles from Earth.
In the 1960s, when psychoactive drugs became widely popular, I assumed that claims of tripping to other worlds were purely imaginary. Consider this remote viewing experience reported in a discussion forum:
'...I relaxed in my chair, and pointed myself up there. I saw 6 or seven aliens looking right at me grinning and smiling. they had red eyes like the reddit alien but no antenna. As soon as I saw these creatures I immediately felt hurt ...'
The roots of remote viewing can be traced to several U.S. Government sponsored parapsychology studies from the 1970s to 1990s. When funding was canceled in 1995, an executive summary concluded that the remote viewing test results were at best 'vague and ambiguous.'
Government involvement (and gullibility) alone doesn't legitimize what is clearly a pseudoscience that ranks alongside astrology, ghost hunting, and 'telekinetic' spoon-bending.
As with any pseudoscience, there are no physical underpinnings to the outlandish claims of remote viewing. In other words, no natural particles or fields capable of carrying information into the human brain, independently from the five senses, have ever been quantitatively measured in a physics laboratory.
And, as is typical of a pseudoscience, remote viewing claims contradict fundamental physics such as the speed of light barrier and causality.
The Pluto Challenge
For any readers who think I'm being scientifically elitist, narrow-minded or protective, I'm presenting one simple challenge. Will somebody please remote view the icy dwarf planet Pluto for me from a close-up distance?
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You must draw a map of both hemispheres that has detailed information about the coordinates and sizes of major features: impact basins, crater fields, ice flows, outcrops, tectonics rifts, cryovolcanoes, whatever -- even crashed spaceships.
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The best pictures of Pluto to date, from the Hubble Space Telescope, only show variations in color and reflectivity across Pluto's surface, but not topography.
I'll leave the details to the remote viewers, who by their claims can supposedly do a better job than Hubble or any other spacecraft. (But, still, no peeking at the Hubble pictures!)
Please send me your detailed drawings and I’ll gladly publish them. And, in 2015 we will be able to validate -- or invalidate -- this remote sensing experiment by seeing real close up photos from NASA's New Horizons spacecraft as it zooms by Pluto at 36,000 miles per hour.
If your drawings match the New Horizons photo maps, then we could have saved ourselves $650 million and a 10-year cruise to the remote planet.
But where's the fun in that?